"Vintage Cartoons" and "Vintage Movies"

The Birth of Motion Pictures: A Timeline

Pre-Movie Era – Early Motion Experiments (Pre-1800s)

• Before movies, people were fascinated by creating the illusion of motion.
• Devices like the zoetrope (1834) and the magic lantern (1600s) used rotating images or projected images to create moving visuals.
• These were not "movies" as we know them, but they laid the foundation for motion picture technology.

Who Made the First Movie?

1. Eadweard Muybridge (1870s) – Motion Photography Pioneer

• Muybridge is often credited with making the first motion sequences.
• In 1878, he used a series of cameras to capture a horse running, proving for the first time that all four of a horse’s hooves leave the ground at once.
• His work created a "moving picture" when viewed in sequence, though it wasn’t a true film.

2. Louis Le Prince – The First Known True Film (1888)

• French inventor Louis Le Prince created what is widely regarded as the first true moving picture using a single-lens camera.
• His film, Roundhay Garden Scene, shot in Leeds, England, lasts about 2 seconds and features people walking in a garden.
• Le Prince mysteriously vanished in 1890 before he could showcase his invention widely, which is why he didn’t become a household name.

3. Thomas Edison and William K.L. Dickson – The Kinetoscope (1891)

• Edison often gets credit for early movies, though his assistant Dickson did much of the work.
• In 1891, they developed the Kinetoscope, a peep-hole device that allowed one person at a time to view short films.
• By 1894, Kinetoscope parlors were opening, where people paid to watch short films.

4. The Lumière Brothers – The First Public Screening (1895)

• French brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière are credited with creating the first public movie screening.
• On December 28, 1895, in Paris, they showed a series of short films using their Cinématographe, a device that could record, develop, and project films.
• Their famous film Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory is considered one of the first true movies shown to an audience.

The Early Days of Film (1890s - 1910s)

• Early films were very short — usually a few seconds to a few minutes.
• Subjects included everyday life, simple actions (people dancing, trains arriving), and early slapstick comedy.
• Georges Méliès, a magician turned filmmaker, introduced special effects and fantasy storytelling with films like A Trip to the Moon (1902).
• Edwin S. Porter, an Edison employee, pioneered film editing and storytelling techniques in The Great Train Robbery (1903).

The Transition to Modern Cinema (1910s - 1920s)

• Silent films became longer and more sophisticated.
• D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation (1915) introduced advanced storytelling techniques, including close-ups, cross-cutting, and large-scale production.
• Hollywood emerged as the center of the film industry.

Key Innovations That Made Movies Possible

Summary

• First Motion Capture: Eadweard Muybridge (1878) – motion photographs.
• First True Movie: Louis Le Prince (1888) – Roundhay Garden Scene.
• First Movie Device for Viewing: Edison and Dickson’s Kinetoscope (1891).
• First Public Screening: Lumière Brothers (1895).....Now for a silent movie (Trip to The Moon)

Night of the Living Dead (1968)

Directed by: George A. Romero
Release Date: October 1, 1968
Genre: Horror

Plot Overview

The film follows a group of strangers trapped in a rural farmhouse, struggling to survive against an onslaught of flesh-eating zombies. As panic and paranoia escalate, the survivors' trust in each other begins to fray, leading to internal conflict that proves as deadly as the monsters outside.

Cast & Characters

Although the cast was mostly composed of unknown or local actors, their performances contributed to the film’s raw, realistic feel.

• Duane Jones as Ben

  • A resourceful and determined man who takes charge of the group. Jones' performance was groundbreaking, as he was one of the first Black actors cast in a heroic leading role in a horror film, during a time when racial tensions in America were high.

• Judith O’Dea as Barbra

  • A woman traumatized after witnessing her brother’s death, struggling with fear and shock throughout the film.

• Karl Hardman as Harry Cooper

  • The stubborn and confrontational patriarch of the Cooper family, who believes hiding in the basement is the best survival strategy.

• Marilyn Eastman as Helen Cooper

  • Harry's wife, who becomes increasingly disillusioned with her husband’s domineering behavior.

• Keith Wayne as Tom

  • A young man trying to help others, despite the chaos.

• Judith Ridley as Judy

  • Tom's girlfriend, caught up in the nightmare.

• Kyra Schon as Karen Cooper

  • The Coopers' young daughter, who falls victim to the zombie infection — resulting in one of the film’s most shocking scenes.

Production Problems & Challenges

Budget Constraints

• The film’s budget was incredibly low — around $114,000 — which forced Romero and his team to get creative.
• Many of the crew members doubled as actors, makeup artists, and set designers.
• Cost-cutting decisions, such as shooting in black and white, ended up enhancing the film’s eerie, documentary-like atmosphere.

Independent and Guerrilla Filmmaking

• Filmed around Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, using friends’ properties and local talent.
• The cast and crew were mostly amateurs, some coming from Romero’s commercial film work.
• The special effects were improvised — for example, the "flesh" the zombies ate was mostly roasted ham and chocolate syrup for blood.

Distribution Issues

• The film was initially released without copyright protection (a clerical error removed the copyright notice), which allowed it to fall into the public domain immediately.
• This led to widespread, unauthorized screenings — helping the movie gain a cult following, but also meaning Romero and his team never saw the profits they deserved.

Racial and Social Commentary

• Duane Jones’ casting was not originally intended to be political — Romero has said Jones was simply the best actor they found — but the choice had profound implications.
• The sight of a Black hero being gunned down by a white posse at the end resonated deeply in 1968, a year marked by the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy, as well as heightened racial unrest.

Legacy & Impact

• Night of the Living Dead redefined horror films, effectively creating the modern zombie genre.
• Its unflinching violence and bleak ending broke taboos, paving the way for more graphic and socially conscious horror films.
• Despite the low budget and lack of professional polish, it is now considered one of the most influential horror films ever made.
• It inspired countless sequels, remakes, and spin-offs, and its commentary on human nature under pressure still resonates today. Full movie classic...